The End of the Middle Kingdom Egypt

The End of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt was a significant turning point in the country’s history. It marked the decline of the central authority and paved the way for the emergence of the fragmented state of the Second Intermediate Period.

There are several theories regarding the reasons behind the collapse of the Middle Kingdom. Some scholars believe that the country experienced widespread famine and drought during this time, resulting in economic and social collapse. Others suggest that the ruling elite of the country became more concerned with their own interests. Leading to political instability and a loss of control over large parts of the country.

The collapse of the Middle Kingdom was also likely the result of external factors such as foreign invasions and raids. The Hyksos, a group of Asiatic people, were able to take advantage of Egypt’s weakened state and conquer the northern parts of the country. The Hyksos rule over northern Egypt marked the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period. During which the country was divided into multiple smaller kingdoms.

The end of the Middle Kingdom also ushered in a period of cultural change in Egypt. The Hyksos introduced new technologies and innovations. Which influenced the development of Egyptian society and culture. For example, the Hyksos introduced the use of the horse and chariot in warfare. Which greatly improved Egypt’s military capabilities. Despite the decline of the Middle Kingdom. This period in Egypt’s history was still marked by significant achievements in art, architecture, and literature. The Middle Kingdom saw the construction of some of Egypt’s most exquisite temples and tombs. Such as the Temple of Karnak and the Tomb of Mentuhotep II.

Conclusion

the End of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt was a crucial turning point in the country’s history. It marked the end of a period of centralized authority and paved the way for the emergence of the fragmented state of the Second Intermediate Period. Despite the challenges that Egypt faced during this time, it still managed to make significant cultural and artistic achievements that continue to be celebrated and admired to this day.