Thutmose II Mummy
Introduction
Thutmose II, an Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled during the 18th Dynasty around 1492-1479 BCE, is one of the lesser-known figures of the New Kingdom. Despite his relatively short reign, his mummy, discovered in 1886, provides valuable insights into his life, death, and the elaborate mummification process practiced in ancient Egypt. This article delves into the enigmatic life of Thutmose II and the fascinating world of his mummification.
Thutmose II ascended to the throne at a young age, following the death of his father, Pharaoh Thutmose I. As a minor, he was initially ruled by a regent, his mother Queen Ahmose, before he reached adulthood. Thutmose II’s reign marked a period of relative peace and stability for Egypt, with the kingdom expanding its influence in the Levant.
Thutmose II’s personal life was marked by a unique relationship with his chief wife, Queen Hatshepsut. Their union produced a daughter named Neferubity, who would later become a symbol of Hatshepsut’s claim to the throne. However, Neferubity’s untimely death remains a mystery, as does the reason behind Hatshepsut’s sudden rise to power after Thutmose II’s death. Some historians speculate that Hatshepsut may have orchestrated Neferubity’s death to clear the way for her own ascension.
Discovery
Thutmose II’s mummy, discovered in 1886 in the Valley of the Kings, provides a wealth of information about the mummification process and the Pharaoh’s physical appearance. The mummy was found in a small wooden coffin, which had been placed inside a larger limestone sarcophagus. The mummification process was meticulous, with the body undergoing various treatments to preserve it for the afterlife.
First, the embalmers would remove the internal organs, such as the lungs, liver, and intestines, which were then preserved in canopic jars. The brain was removed through the nose using a hook, as ancient Egyptians believed that the heart, rather than the brain, was responsible for thought and emotion. The body was then washed and covered in natron, a naturally occurring salt that helped to dehydrate and preserve the corpse.
After several weeks, the body would be wrapped in linen bandages, with the internal organs placed back inside the mummy. Amulets and other protective items would be placed within the wrappings to safeguard the Pharaoh during his journey to the afterlife. Finally, the mummy would be placed within its outer coffin and buried in a tomb, often accompanied by various funerary objects and treasures.
Description
Thutmose II’s mummy showcases the exceptional craftsmanship of the ancient Egyptian embalmers. His body was well-preserved, with the linen wrappings still intact and the facial features easily discernible. His mummy also revealed that he was of average height, around 5’6″ (1.67 meters), with a slender build and a shaved head, which was customary for Egyptian royalty.
The Pharaoh’s facial features, as seen on his mummy, provide clues to his appearance during life. Thutmose II had a prominent nose, slightly arched eyebrows, and a strong jawline. His teeth were in relatively good condition, indicating that he may have had access to dental care during his lifetime.
Thutmose II’s mummy also offers insights into the beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians concerning the afterlife. The various amulets and protective items found within the wrappings were designed to ensure the Pharaoh’s safe passage through the underworld and his eventual rebirth as Osiris, the god of the afterlife. These items included the Ankh, symbolizing life; the Djed pillar, representing stability; the Scarab beetle, a symbol of transformation and rebirth; and the Was scepter, embodying power and dominion.
In conclusion,
the enigmatic life of Thutmose II, as revealed through his mummy and historical records, provides a fascinating glimpse into the world of ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. His reign marked a period of stability and expansion for Egypt, while his personal life and relationships continue to intrigue historians. The meticulous mummification process, as demonstrated on Thutmose II’s mummy, serves as a testament to the advanced knowledge and skill of the ancient Egyptians in preserving their deceased rulers for the afterlife.
